Essay Domestic Violence Against Women A Global Epidemic

One of the most significant health and social problems affecting every society in the world today, irrespective of age, race, ethnic, socio-economic, and religious groups, is Domestic Violence against women. According to the World Health Organization (2007): Domestic violence is a global issue reaching across national boundaries as well as socio- economic, cultural, racial, and class distinctions. This problem is not only widely dispersed geographically, but its incidence is also extensive, making it a typical and accepted behavior. Domestic violence is widespread, deeply ingrained, and has serious impacts on women’s health and well-being. Its continued existence is morally indefensible. Its cost to†¦show more content†¦Violence against has long been widely accepted as normal behavior, something that people are so used to happening that it has become nothing to be alarmed by and often goes unrecognized and unreported. The roots of domestic violence can therefore be attributed to the cultural, traditional, legal, economic, political, and perhaps even religious beliefs, which have made this something that is perceived as being the norm. These beliefs are repeatedly commun icated through the media and other societal institutions that tolerate it, making the abuser feel such behavior is acceptable and justified, and women to feel there is shame in reporting violence, for fear of being stigmatized. Intimate partner violence is not considered a crime in many Arab countries. However, the burden of domestic violence ultimately lies on the abuser, who consciously made a decision to act in such a way. Domestic violence affects every aspect of the life of any woman that suffers from it. Physical assault leads to temporary or permanent disabilities, which become apparent over time. Women sustain injuries such as cuts, scratches, burns, bone skeletal disorders, chronic pain, and respiratory illnesses.Show MoreRelatedDomestic Marital Abuse Against Women1697 Words   |  7 PagesSilenced Cry: Domestic Marital Abuse against Women In the United States, there are about ten people who die from domestic violence every single day. The U.N identifies October as National Domestic Violence Awareness Month. What happens when ‘Home’ is not the safest place to be? Domestic abuse occurs across the world, in various cultures and affects society, irrespective of their economic status. Behaviors that are adopted by a person to control their partner in a relationship refers to domestic violenceRead MoreDomestic Violence And Foreign Violence1251 Words   |  6 Pages Domestic Violence and Intersectionality Domestic violence, as defined by The National Coalition Against Domestic Violence is, â€Å"The willful intimidation, physical assault, battery, sexual assault, and/or other abusive behavior as part of a systematic pattern of power and control perpetrated by one intimate partner against another. It includes physical violence, sexual violence, psychological violence, and emotional abuse. The frequency and severity of domestic violence can vary dramatically, howeverRead MoreDomestic Violence : South Africa1709 Words   |  7 PagesDomestic Violence in South Africa Love is looked upon as a beautiful thing but within beauty lies darkness in South Africa. There is an unspoken violence against women going on within the communities of south Africa that is now coming to light; domestic violence. Husbands, not strangers or men with guns, are now the biggest threat to women in post-conflict South Africa, according to a report by the International Rescue Committee. Attacked beaten, abused, killed these are sometimes words to describeRead MoreImpact Of Public Health Of Domestic Violence847 Words   |  4 PagesThe impact of public health of Domestic Violence in United States. The violence against women is a global health problem of epidemic and unpreventable circumstances. Domestic violence doesn’t have a controlled policy because it can extend into the society with devastating effects on its victims and costs that ripple across the economy. The two major reasons that the issue are being addressed by policy are not enforced in actions. First reason is that every 9 seconds in the US a woman is assaultedRead MoreDomestic Violence Is A Crisis1171 Words   |  5 Pagesclosed towards the crisis of domestic violence. A study done showed that every nine seconds a women is beaten or assaulted (â€Å"Statistics†). The time that it has taken you to read to this point is the time it has taken for a women to be hit by this crisis. Yet, so many think that the concern for domestic violence is over-exaggerated. Many think that there are so many other epidemics going on that should take precedence over domestic violence. Besides worrying about these epidemics, it also can be hard toRead MoreDomestic Violence : A Global Public Health Problem Of Epidemic Proportions, Requiring Urgent Action Essay899 Words   |  4 Pages â€Æ' Executive Summary 2 Introduction 2 Theoretical Frameworks 3 Defining Domestic Violence 5 A Brief History 6 International Comparisons 7 Discussion of Domestic Violence 9 References 10 Executive Summary This report will offer a review of Domestic Violence in Aotearoa/New Zealand. The ways in which this abuse occurs will be included as well as theoretical frameworks to aid in understanding the extent of this social problem. A review was issuedRead MoreDomestic Violence Against Women Essay974 Words   |  4 PagesDomestic abuse against women In her news article, the spokesperson for amnesty international describes domestic violence as a worldwide phenomenon that violates the human rights of female victims (Mite, 2005). In addition, the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) described violence against women as â€Å"a global epidemic that kills, tortures, and maims – physically, psychologically, sexually and economically. It is one of the most pervasive of human rights violations, denying women and girlsRead MoreDomestic Violence And Its Effects On Society1491 Words   |  6 PagesDomestic violence is a very important discussion subject, because it touches all levels of society, and it is widely spreading across a multitude of social groups. This social issue at present appears in different levels of society, and cannot be ignored by social institutions and people. The issue of domestic violence cannot be avoided because of the unfortunately high rate of abusive behavior, and more and more people b eing affected by abuse every day. People and social institutions cannot closeRead MoreDomestic Violence on Women in Society1730 Words   |  7 PagesDomestic Violence on Women and girls in Society Tabinda Asghar Dow Institute of Nursing Abstract Violence alongside women and girls is a sign of previously uneven authority relations among men and women, which have led to command over and unfairness against women by men and to the avoidance of the full progression of women. These types of terrible actions against women and girls continues to be a global epidemic that kills, tortures, and wound- physically, psychologically, sexually and economicallyRead MoreDomestic Violence Against Women Essay1691 Words   |  7 PagesOrganization defines violence as: â€Å"The intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or community, that either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, mal-development or deprivation†. WHO has declared violence against women both a public health problem and a violation of human rights. Violence against women is of many types and has many faces. Also called Gender-based violence, public health

Home And Writing Resources And Strategies For Essay Writing

Skip to main content Writing Project Writing Program NEWSTUTORINGRESOURCESBLOGSTAFF HOME / WRITING RESOURCES / STRATEGIES FOR ESSAY WRITING / Essay Structure Writing an academic essay means fashioning a coherent set of ideas into an argument. Because essays are essentially linear—they offer one idea at a time—they must present their ideas in the order that makes most sense to a reader. Successfully structuring an essay means attending to a reader s logic. The focus of such an essay predicts its structure. It dictates the information readers need to know and the order in which they need to receive it. Thus your essay s structure is necessarily unique to the main claim you re making. Although there are guidelines for constructing certain classic essay types (e.g., comparative analysis), there are no set formula. Answering Questions: The Parts of an Essay A typical essay contains many different kinds of information, often located in specialized parts or sections. Even short essays perform several different operations: introducing the argument, analyzing data, raising counterarguments, concluding. Introductions and conclusions have fixed places, but other parts don t. Counterargument, for example, may appear within a paragraph, as a free-standing section, as part of the beginning, or before the ending. Background material (historical context or biographical information, a summary of relevant theory or criticism, the definition of a key term) often appears at theShow MoreRelatedStudy Guide1489 Words   |  6 PagesContact /Instructional hours: 45 (45 Theory) Prerequisite(s): GS1145: Strategies for the Technical Professional or equivalent -1- Composition I SYLLABUS COURSE SUMMARY COURSE DESCRIPTION This course examines phases of the writing process, with emphasis on the structure of writing and techniques for communicating clearly, precisely and persuasively. MAJOR INSTRUCTIONAL AREAS 1. Writing Process A. Paragraph and essay structure and function B. C. Reflection and prewriting Outlining Read MoreLearning How to Write Effectively775 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout this essay I have learned more than I have in my four years of high school English. Being able to learn so much information in such a little time was amazing to me. I learned different kind of rhetorical styles to write in, what each ones purpose is, how to have online discussions with other peers and lastly I learned how to improved my writing skills in general. 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Through the exploration of the â€Å"Subjects and Strategies† textbook, I have learned nine differentRead MoreObtaining An Intermediate English Language Level Knowledge And Skills1750 Words   |  7 Pagesintermediate writing level, students will have acquired the ability to write at least complete paragraphs, using topic sentences, supportin g details, examples and concluding sentences. They will have also acquired the formatting skills used to write an essay. They will have developed an ability to put their own ideas into words. They will have demonstrated their ability to conduct at least minimal research. These skills and are needed to be able to advance to the next level of writing a researchRead MoreDialyzer Persuasive Essay1523 Words   |  7 Pages1. What is the argument you will be addressing in your persuasive essay? Explain how the argument is derived from your major, the major you are considering pursuing, or your field of work. Response: In the persuasive essay, the argument will focus on the disadvantages of reused dialyzers in clinic settings. Currently, I work as a dialysis technician for an organization who still practice dialyzer reprocessing. Last decade, I ve been fortunate enough to float around clinics to assist with patientRead MoreCryptography1082 Words   |  5 Pagesfields in which statistics finds applications. Topics include: summarizing data, probability, normal and binomial distributions, hypothesis testing, confidence intervals and correlation. This is a writing intensive course in which students write essays totaling 1200 word (minimum). Students’ essays must be maintained in a folder and may be used for college assessment purposes. Required Text and other Materials: Stat Basics by F. Selcen Kilinc, second edition. Besides the text, a graphingRead MoreMy Lesson Plans : Learning Needs And Interests By Using The Information1142 Words   |  5 Pages My lesson plans demonstrate the knowledge I gained about their specific learning needs and interests by using the information I obtained from CLIP step two. I was the first person to get ahold of the writing pieces so they had yet to be corrected so I was able to see where the students needed most help. Therefore, I based my lessons off of it. I chose to choose a mentor text that would spark their interest. In a previous education class I witnessed the book being used with students and they lovedRead MoreEducational and Psychological Assessment1283 Words   |  6 Pagesalso participate in designing solutions to be implemented both in school and at home. Classroom teacher The teacher provides all important information including work samples. He or she also discusses the student’s classroom performance compared to his or her peers and also gives information regarding the student’s overall classroom and academic behavior. The teacher will also assist in developing intervention strategies to enable the student reach his or her academic, behavioral and socio-emotionalRead MoreAs part of students IEP resource program and RtI services, I provide instruction for the1400 Words   |  6 PagesAs part of students IEP resource program and RtI services, I provide instruction for the development of written expression, as evidenced by my Professional Growth Experience #2. My methodology for writing instruction has evolved dramatically. Now I see each student as an individual somewhere on the path to independent â€Å"author.† I work to meet each student’s learning need at their level. Currently, students work at their own level and I pr ovide individual or small group mini-lessons to support weakerRead MoreWhy Is Literacy Is A Secondary Goal?1388 Words   |  6 Pagesfocused does not mean that literacy is a secondary goal; it means that STEM concepts are integrated into the literacy equation for our students. Literacy encompasses three components for students; Reading Workshop, English Language Arts (ELA) and Writing. These subjects will be taught as a block, particularly in the early grades when students are progressing from learning to read, to reading to learn, so that students have more opportunities to link the concepts together. One of the key characteristics

Strategic Analysis of Singapore Airlines-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Describe briefly the background information of the organization selected. You may include ownership, history, size, types of products or services, and business scope and markets (locally globally). Answer: Introduction Strategic management refers to the management of the strategies of the organisations in order to achieve their targets, goals and objectives. It can also be referred as to the process of implementing and evaluating the decisions which ultimately helps business in achieving its aims (Hill, Jones and Schilling, 2014). This assignment will include the concepts and models which will be linked to the business of Singapore airlines and therefore appropriate business strategies are selected for the organisation. It covers the background analysis of the company, macro environment analysis by using PESTLE analysis, competitive analysis by sing Porters five forces model and new ideas are developed for the growth and development of the business by using SWOT analysis. At last, the conclusion is given and recommendations are given for improvements in the business. A strategic discussion about the company helps in setting the priorities and using the resources to work towards common goals. It also assist business in shaping its future as the guidance is provided with the help of strategic planning and ultimately it contributes in the success of the organisation. Background information of Singapore Airlines Singapore Airlines Limited was formed with the incorporation of Malaysian Airlines in the year 1947 but afterwards they got split in 1972 and a separate brand was formed named Singapore Airlines. Since then the company is growing in the domestic and international markets. The company ranks tenth in terms of the volume of international passenger it carries. The company carries the sarong Kebaya uniform for its stewardesses and this gives them special identity as they are called Singapore Girls (Singapore airlines, 2017). The company is one of the dominant airlines of the world and the major stake is held by government and Temasek Holdings which holds 54.5% of the stake. The company wholly owns Silk Air, Singapore airlines cargo and Budget aviation holdings. The company partially owns Vistara (49%) and Tigerair Taiwan (10%). The other subsidiaries of the company include SIA Engineering Company (CAPA, 2017). The group provides the services which enrich the experience of the customers. It has one of the most comfortable and spacious aircrafts. The company owns around 106 aircrafts and the average year of those is 7 years and 8 months. It has the modern aircrafts which are designed to take care of the needs and requirements of the customers. It owns Airbus A330-300, Airbus A380-800, Airbus A350-900, Boeing 777-200, Boeing 777-200 ER, and Boeing 777-300 Boeing 777-300 ER. With this, there are various inflight services provided to the customers for enhancing their experiences like first class cabins, suits, First class features, Business class, Premium economy class and economy class. The airlines focus on its other services like Catering, entertainment, safety and security of the passengers (Singapore Airlines, 2017). The airlines move to more than 50 destinations in different countries. It covers five continents and has strongest presence in the South East region. T covers countries like Australia, India, Thailand, UAE, Bangkok, Dubai and many more. It is one of the most awarded airlines of the world and has won the prestigious awards in this industry like Airline with best service by Airhelp (Hong Kong), Top foreign Airline by Next Media Top Service Awards, Best airline in Asia by Skytrax World Airline Awards (UK), Best Major Airline by Trip Advisor Travellers Choice 2017 Awards (US) and many more. Macro Environment Analysis Macro Environment Analysis can also be referred as external analysis which helps the companies in scanning the external environment of the company which includes Political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental factors (Freeman, 2010). This analysis helps in taking the strategic decisions of the company and in implementing those strategies. Below given Macro environmental analysis of Singapore Airlines will help the company to identify possible opportunities and threats which impact the whole airline industry and outside the con troll of Singapore airlines. Political analysis Political factors include the government actions and political activities which affect the success of the business. These factors also affect the operations of Singapore Airlines. The political risk of Singapore airlines is relatively lower than some of the other countries. The country is democratic and has low political conflicts. But the National Political Frameworks affect the airlines a lot. There is political stability and it provides opportunities to the business of Singapore Airlines (Heracleous Wirtz, 2012). Airline industry rests heavily on the political changes and factors which affect the operations of the industry. The government policies may impact the growth and development of the industry and also the profitability of the company ultimately. Like, the changes in the prices of oil, the airline industry have faced the pressure from the government to unwind the surcharges on fuel. It also depends on the relationship between different countries that how well the flights m ay move from one country to another. There are different organisations which regulate that how much freedom will be given to the flights of different countries which ultimately affect the airline companies and also increase the competition (Peppard and Ward, 2016). Economic analysis Singapore airlines are affected to a great extent by the economic factors because it flies through the national and international boundaries. The economic factors like the Gross Domestic product (GDP), interest rates or economic cycles of different nations affect the business of the company. For e.g. if the GDP of a country increases, it will increase the per capita income and this will bring an increase in the demands of airline travel. There may be some uncertain economic elements which affects the business of the company. Singapore has increased in terms of growth and this has attracted more number of tourists in the nation (Sengupta Sengupta, 2014). Socio- cultural analysis The socio cultural environment includes traditions, backgrounds, thoughts, culture, society and other factors which differs in every country and affects the business of the organisations. The social environment of the country Singapore also plays an important part in the industry of airlines. The population of the country is ageing which reduces the demand of airlines because aged population prefers less travelling. Also, the young generation prefers to take their studies aboard which are helping airlines to grow. Also, the development and growth of tourism is helping airlines to increase their revenues. The company has to categorize their potential customers into different generations, sociological attributes and income status which will help it in providing the services as per the needs and requirements of the customers (Chen, HE Wong, 2013). Technological analysis Technology plays a main role in improving the efficiency of the airline company. It lowers down the costs and helps in enhancing the overall experience of the customers which further helps in alluring the customers. In Singapore, the number of internet users have been increased which also benefitted the company to provide online services of booking tickets and checking the status of flights online. The company has one of the youngest fleets in the industry which shows that it believes in innovations and invests a huge amount on Research and Development (David, 2011). Legal analysis These refer to the legal laws and regulations which impacts the business of airlines. The aviation industry has to follow different regulations in the country. Singapore airlines have to follow the legislations and policy given by the Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore. It includes Air navigation Act, carriage by Air Act and many more which helps the company to operate without any hindrances and with safety. The changes in regulatory framework affect the operations of the business (Wheelen and Hunger, 2011). Environmental analysis This is related to the environment. Singapore airlines have to take care of the environment because the passengers demand the environment friendly services nowadays. The company is making environmental efforts by reducing the emissions in the environment. For this, the company has joined the International Air Transport Association (IATA) to bring efficiency in fuel and to reduce carbon emissions. The company like this get an opportunity to make a place in the society and builds up its image in front of consumers of services (Singapore airlines, 2017) Competitive analysis The competitive analysis can be done for Singapore Airlines with the tool Porters five forces model. It contains the analysis of the company on the basis of five factors which shows how they are connected to the macro environment of the company and how it impacts the company overall. The five forces of the tool are discussed below: Bargaining Power of the customers: the bargaining power of the customers is moderate. It is because the customers have choices for the airlines but Singapore airlines provide high quality services. The switching costs are low which is why the customers find easy to choose one company over other. The company could develop unique features which help in holding the customers with the company (Rahman, Azad Mostari, 2015). Bargaining Power of the suppliers: the bargaining power of the suppliers is high because there are few suppliers of airline products and services and the consumers are many which provide the power to the suppliers. The fleets are mainly supplied by Boeing and Airbus which holds the power to bargain (Hesterly and Barney, 2010). Threat of Substitute products: the threat of substitute products is high. With the advent of globalisation, more forms of transportation and links have been made between different countries which affect the demand of the services of Singapore Airlines. These substitutes include Mass Rapid Transit, buses and Taxis which are used by the users (Crook, et al., 2008). Threat of New entrants: The threat of new entrants is low because of high capital investments and high need of the legal and regulatory requirements. It is a saturated industry and one or two companies rule the markets. Rest of them just back of the economy (Warren, 2008). Industry and competitive rivalry: The rivalry in airline industry is intense which is why the businesses need to make changes in their products and services to meet the requirements of the customers. The rivalry also depends on routes to routes. The rivalry will be intense when there will be more companies providing services and vice versa. The competitors of the company in Singapore includes Air Asia, Jet Star, Malaysia Airlines, Emirates and more on International and domestic levels. The key opportunities with the company are identified that it can customise its services in a well-defined manner in order to take advantage of its dominant position in the country. The company also have good international connections which help in it establishing its services well in the foreign countries and to be in competition with the international airline brands like Emirates and Air New Zealand. The threats which are identified by the analysis done through different models are such that the legal requirements are many and the political relationships of the country may fluctuate which hampers the operations of the company. Also, the threats identified are the fluctuating oil prices and economic conditions of the nations (Rothaermel, 2015). SWOT analysis To evaluate different internal and external forces of the company which affects its operations and performance, SWOT model can be used. The strengths, weaknesses, Threats and opportunities of the company are evaluated below: Strength The biggest strength of the company is its brand name and its history. The company has rich history and is operating since 1972 after the split with Malaysia Airlines. Since then, the company has positioned itself well and has been able to increase its passengers year after year. It is one of the best airline companies in the world and has won several awards which prove its capabilities. The company has good reputation in the international markets as well. The company provides premium services at a budgeted cost. The company also have diversified itself into various subsidiaries. There is skilled workforce in the company which increases the quality of its services. Also, the company has strong support from the government of Singapore (Riwo-Abudho, Njanja Ochieng, 2013). Weaknesses The company has some weaknesses as well. The company lacks in the presence of social media which is one of the most important platform for promoting the brand nowadays. There is a low cost carrier of the company, TigerAir, which is reducing its overall profitability. The company is failing in adding the passengers on a continuous basis at a good rate. The company is also shrinking its markets because of its low performance in some North American countries. The company also have restricted access on some of the routes (Kew and Stredwick, 2017). Opportunities The biggest opportunity of the company is that because of globalisation, the people travels from one place to another for the purpose of trade, education, tourism ,etc. which increases the demand of the airlines. The company can collaborate with the Tourism department to enhance the number of customers. The increase of online business has also created an opportunity for the airline company. The company has made alliance with many other companies which increased its operations excellence (Aaker and McLoughlin, 2009). Threats The company can be exposed to many types of threats which might affect the operations of the business. The emergence of other companies and innovative services by them increases the competition. The price fluctuations of fuel might affect the overall cost of the flights. Fluctuating government regulations can pose a threat or the economic conditions could also hamper the business of the company (Hitt, Ireland and Hoskisson, 2012) Conclusion It can be concluded that the company is a star performer in the sector and it has many opportunities to grow and expand in the domestic as well as international markets. The strategic analysis of Singapore airlines has been done with the help of models and tools like SWOT analysis, PESTLE analysis and Porters Five Forces Model. The analysis concludes that the company is performing excellent by using the available resources but the merging competitors and the fluctuating situations in the economy and in the political and legal requirements may affect the business of the same. The company can grab the opportunities available to increase its value in the industry and to enhance its performance by using its strengths. Recommendations After the strategic analysis of the company, it is recommended to Singapore Airlines that it should differentiate its services from the competitors so that it can allure customers for using its services. This can be done after analysing the weaknesses and strengths of the company. The company lacks in the coverage of flights in some of the areas. The company should focus on its relationships with the government of these areas and start its services to maximise its coverage. Also, the company should focus on its digital presence as most of the customers nowadays are available on the digital platform. This would help the company in positioning itself and making its strong presence in the market. The company can also work on its loss making units so that the overall performance of the company does not get affected. The company could also focus on customising the services for its customers in different countries to meet their requirements and needs in a better way than the competitors. S ervice industries are all about caring for the customers so they should make the customers feel that the company acre for them. This could be done by training the staff and employees to deal with the customers well and assist them in every way possible. These suggestions can assist Singapore Airlines in gaining competitive advantage. References Aaker, D A and McLoughlin, D 2009,Strategic market management: global perspectives. John Wiley Sons. CAAS, 2017, Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore Act. Retrieved from https://www.caas.gov.sg/caas/en/Regulations/Legislations/Civil_Aviation_Authority_of_Singapore_Act.html. Chen, Z H, HE, M Wong, K C 2013, A Case-based Analytical Study on the Strategic Evaluation of Common Equity Performance of SIA in a Global Organic Environment, Journal of Contemporary Management. Crook, T R, Ketchen, D J, Combs, J G and Todd, S Y 2008, Strategic resources and performance: a meta?analysis,Strategic management journal,29(11), pp.1141-1154. David, F R 2011,Strategic management: Concepts and cases, Peaeson/Prentice Hall. Department of Statistics Singapore, 2017, Latest data. Retrieved from https://www.singstat.gov.sg/statistics/latest-data#16. Freeman, R E 2010.Strategic management: A stakeholder approach. Cambridge university press. Heracleous, L Wirtz, J 2012, Strategy and Organisation at Singapore Airlines: Achieving Sustainable Advantage Through Dual Strategy, Springer Link Hesterly, W and Barney, J 2010,Strategic management and competitive advantage. Pearson, ed., Pearson Prentice-Hall. Hill, C W, Jones, G R and Schilling, M A 2014,Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach, Cengage Learning. Hitt, M A, Ireland, R D and Hoskisson, R E 2012,Strategic management cases: competitiveness and globalization. Cengage Learning. Kew, J and Stredwick, J 2017,Business environment: managing in a strategic context. Kogan Page Publishers. Peppard, J and Ward, J 2016,The strategic management of information systems: Building a digital strategy, John Wiley Sons. Rahman, K, Azad, S Mostari, S 2015, A Competitive Analysis of Airline Industry: A Case Study on Biman Bangladesh Airlines, IOSR Journal of Business and Management, Volume 17, Issue 4. Riwo-Abudho, M, Njanja, L W Ochieng, I 2013, Key Success Factors in Airlines: Overcoming the Challenges, European Journal of Business and Management, Vol.5, No.30. Rothaermel, F T 2015,Strategic management, McGraw-Hill Education. Sengupta, N Sengupta, M 2014, Singapore Airlines : Gliding with People Excellence, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara Research Centre for Management Studies. Singapore airlines, 2017, Our Story, Retrieved from https://www.singaporeair.com/en_UK/in/flying-withus/our-story/. Warren, K 2008,Strategic management dynamics, John Wiley Sons. Wheelen, T L and Hunger, J D 2011,Concepts in strategic management and business policy, Pearson Education India

The Great Wall of America

Discussion The present population of United States is around 300 million and among them, about 12 million people are unlawful immigrants from mostly the neighboring countries, Mexico and Canada. This signifies that one in 25 inhabitants is an unlawful foreigner.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Great Wall of America specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The idea of the Great Wall of America appears perfect and actually appears excellent for the citizens of United States. With the purpose of preventing any kind of border confrontations with illegal immigrants, the government should endorse significant implementations like the Great Wall of America just like what China did. America has been greatly affected by immigrants and has been radically shaped by every new group entering through its borders. However, this issue has been loose for years and some measures should be taken to create things reasonable and well-organized for all Americans. Currently, taxpayers are facing huge challenges while paying large sum of money each year to offer social services and medical care for these illegal immigrants. American borders have evident weaknesses and these have supported some drug traffickers and possible terrorists into United States. The idea of Great Wall of America is designed to reduce these problems which Americans are facing presently. Most immigrants are easily hired due to their cheap wages and Americans remain cursing themselves. They have started staying in horror of exposure and are highly experiencing exploitation from these illegal workers (Shilpi). If the Great Wall of America is constructed, it will be of great advantage to the people of America. The major benefits will be increase in employment opportunities and the American labor workers would get better chance to be hired. Every person attempting to pass through the Great Wall of America would have to pass through careful s creening for nationality. President Obama said â€Å"The plan will immediately hire 20,000 citizens and provide them with basic wall building classes before the great wall begins. The 80,000 other jobs will be gradually added on as the projects proceed, and will include snipers, hunters, and an assortment of criminals to prevent even a single illegal from crossing our welcoming and democratic border† (Kaplan). Implementing the Great Wall of America cannot worsen the association between United States and Mexico since it seems that Mexico is not bothered about the relationship between both countries. This was seen when Mexico police officers pointed their armed guns to the FBI representatives when they were trying to investigate a deadly shooting in the America-Mexico border.Advertising Looking for research paper on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Constructing this wall would not upset Mexicans since t hey already have the hatred towards United States due to the latest deaths of Mexicans in the border. Therefore, the solution to end all these disagreements and hatred in the border is to construct the Great Wall of America immediately. Since 1997, illegal immigrants have increased greatly and this shows that by 2025 the number of illegal immigrants would be around 40 million. Immigrants are more and more ready to use this opportunity to enter America and obtain secret and illegal jobs. Most illegal immigrants are from Mexico where their economy is struggling to contain huge population. At present, these illegal immigrants are sending back to Mexico around 20 billion dollars. These billions of dollars create it the second biggest source of income to Mexicans and it made Mexican government loosens their work in restricting Mexicans from entering America. Lately, they announced some safe routes and pointing out possible danger regions near the border. Most illegal immigrants from Mexi co have been getting jobs easily since they are paid less than the minimum wage and they are also willing to work below legal conditions. The Great Wall of America may not be 100% effective from preventing people from entering United States, but illegal immigrants would have troubles going back to their country through the borders and this will actually disheartens them from crossing over to America. Most illegal employees do not wish to remain in America for a long time and their common strategy is to enter America and obtain jobs and later transfer their income to Mexico to help their families. But the construction of the Great Wall of America would make their strategies very complex and they will cancel their plans of doing cyclic movements between Mexico and Unites States. New Mexico and Texas Governors should execute the policies and laws which control illegal immigrants in their areas; this may partly or fully solve this issue of immigrants. Therefore, this will creates more j ob opportunities in United States and provision of security for the country also. Through the construction of this wall, it will improve security in America. United States’ taxpayers should be advocating and calling for immediate construction of the Great Wall of America and jobless, but skilled, Americans should joint hands with American engineers in providing effective and quality wall than the Great Wall of China.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Great Wall of America specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Great Wall of America should be constructed and should be a real wall which all people in the world have never predicted and this would be implement by the people of America themselves. Americans should finish the conflicts with other countries like Mexico which are taking advantage of American resources and opportunities and pointing their guns on American security officers. Texas, Califor nia, New Mexico, and Arizona governments should be supporters for the construction of the Great Wall of America due to direct transactions which are provided to profit these states. There will be direct economic strengthening with actual employment opportunities which will be permanent. Since there are vulnerable to any thing happening in the borders, construction of this wall will help in reducing border conflicts with illegal immigrants. The great wall of America would send an indication to the Mexican people and government that they need Americans more than Americans need them. Conclusion The construction of the Great Wall of America appears harsh, but it is the only effective strategy to solve the issue of illegal immigrants. China implemented its own Great Wall of China and even some countries have strict policies than the United States have. Some countries arrest illegal immigrants and jail them for about three years and later deport them back to their countries. After they fi nished building the Great Wall of China, it offered safety to better control of China’s economy and protected their cultural growth. It as well offered protection for their trade progresses. United States should also follow this advancement to protect its own trade and other major source of income to the citizens and the country itself. Construction of the Great Wall of America between America and Mexico would be more important in safeguarding its economic developments and therefore be implemented immediately. Works Cited Kaplan, Jake. â€Å"Obama Suggests Building ‘Great Wall of Mexico’ to Create Jobs,† 15 January 2012. Web. Shilpi, Paul. â€Å"The Great Wall of America,† 4 Sept. 2006. Web.Advertising Looking for research paper on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This research paper on The Great Wall of America was written and submitted by user Kyra Waller to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Leadership Structure at Tek

Leadership Structure at Tek The concept of leadership can be broadly defined as the intrinsic ability to internalise a setting with the intention of empowering a group or team to proactively and creatively contribute towards problem solving (Baxter 27).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Leadership Structure at Tek specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the other hand, management, in the broad spectrum, can be defined as the process of deploying the needed resources to realize specific objectives that are measurable within a specified period of time (Eriksen 753). Effective leadership is characterized by strong management and decision making skills. Unfortunately, the group at the group at Tek lacked the element of leadership. Symptom of lack of leadership Leadership inspires the need to contribute proactively towards creation of a suitable environment for closing the gap that may exist between a challenge and its solution. However, the group does n ot set goals and objectives. Besides, the team leaders were not taking any responsibility of their teams in terms of direction and meeting the set targets. Analysis of leadership problem The main characteristics of good leadership style include adaptability, empowerment, commitment, contribution, and critical problem solving skills. Besides, the leader can inspire self esteem and confidence among the staff to align their feelings to specific intuition or instinct in his proactive concept (Tuleja and Greenhalgh 33). Due to lack of ideal leadership structures, Tariq Khan observed during one of the meetings with senior executives that none of the country managers made conservative estimates. Besides, there was no one among the senior executives who was taking responsibility of their targets. Besides, there was an open disagreement among the senior executives on the focus of each company branches in the eight countries. Solution In order to create strong leadership structure at the Tek, Tariq Khan and the other senior executives should embrace the element of transformational leadership. Transformational leadership provides an opportunity where employees could be motivated to give a desired output, thus meeting set targets (Eriksen 755). When the management embraces the principles of transformational leadership, it becomes easy to convince employees to be flexible to change. For instance, Tariq, who is most senior executive, may embrace transformational leadership skills by empowering the other executives to explore their full potential in terms of responsibility and target management.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The main characteristics of transformational leadership include adaptability, empowerment, commitment, contribution, and critical problem solving skills (Eriksen 751). These skills will turn around the current problem of lack of resp onsibility in managing teams and meeting set targets. The senior executives should strive to strike a balance between task orientation and transformational skills to serve competing interests in the relatively changing economic landscape, following the rapid growth of the company through modelling efficiency units in the other branches across the globe. Since leadership inspires the need to contribute proactively towards creation of a suitable environment for closing the gap that may exist between a challenge and its solution, the senior executives should adopt creative leadership structure which is a rich recipe for an imaginative response to stimulate the different maturity stages of the Tek Company (Baxter 25). Basically, creative leadership involves flexibility and forward thinking in solving problems. This will enforce the element of responsibility among the team members (Eriksen 760). Reflectively, self initiative in situational leadership plays a significant role in setting u p the leadership environment for situational occurrence management from external factors. Self initiative involves taking bold steps after a consultative forum in solving issues (Tuleja and Greenhalgh 35). Through self initiative, the senior executives will learn to engage self initiative in following up set targets which is currently a challenge. Baxter, Judith. â€Å"Who Wants to Be the Leader? The Linguistic Construction of Emerging Leadership in Differently Gendered Teams.† International Journal of Business Communication, 3.4 (2014): 23-41. Print. Eriksen, Matthew. â€Å"Authentic Leadership: Practical Reflexivity, Self-Awareness, and Self-Authorship.† Journal of Management Education, 33.1 (2009): 747-771. Print.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Leadership Structure at Tek specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Tuleja, Elizabeth and Anne Greenhalgh. â€Å"Communicating Across the Curriculum in an Under graduate Business Program: Management 100-Leadership and Communication in Groups.† Business Communication Quarterly 71.1 (2008): 27- 43. Print.

Tips for Reducing Glare and Eyestrain

Tips for Reducing Glare and Eyestrain Glare is caused by the reflection of light off of surfaces and is a primary cause of eyestrain. You can get rid of glare by controlling the light source, adapting the surface reflecting it, or by filtering it before it reaches your eyes. Significant causes of eyestrain are staring at the same distance for a long period of time, such as at a computer monitor or other electronic device or because of driving long distances without a break. These environments can be adapted to be better for your eyes.   Adjust the Light Source Direct light causes the most glare. Examine whether lighting thats overhead or behind is shining on your computer monitor and take steps to reduce it. Use a desk lamp for directed, diffused task lighting when needed instead of bright overhead light.   Use curtains or translucent plastic blinds on windows. Closing these will diffuse the incoming sunlight  light instead of reflecting it, like  metal or wood blinds do.   You dont want to strain to see in dim light, though, either. Light thats too dim can lead to eyestrain as well.   Adjust the Surface Shininess is measured by reflection and glare. That means the duller the surface, the less glare there will be. Use work surfaces that have matte finishes. Some items, like computer screens, are inherently smooth and therefore glossy. Use a glare filter over them.​ Place your work surface at a right angle to the direct light source, such as a window. Items 90 degrees to the light have the least amount of reflection  and glare. In addition, dont position your monitor in front of a bright white wall.  Ã‚   Keep your monitor clean of dust, as having a dirty monitor will lower its contrast, making it harder to read. Dark text on a light background is the easiest to read, so opt for that environment rather than funky color schemes for daily work. And dont feel like youre a codger if you blow up text on your page to make it easier to read. Your eyes will thank you. Adjust your brightness and contrast on your computer  monitor, following Wireds advice when looking at a white background on your display: If it looks like a light source in the room, its too bright. If it seems dull and gray, its probably too dark.  Ã‚   Shield Your Eyes If you cannot eliminate the glare, then stop it before it gets to your eyes. Polarized lenses on sunglasses eliminate a lot of glare. Prescription lenses can be polarized as well. This is the best option when driving, because  you cannot control the light source or the surface. Anti-glare coatings for prescription lenses are  worth the money for people who stare at computer screens all day. Even if you do not need corrective lenses but suffer from eyestrain, you can get all the benefits of anti-glare lenses without them being ground to a prescription. Consult your eye doctor for more information on this. Sporting equipment offers another alternative. Shooting and hunting glasses dramatically reduce glare as well, may wrap around your face to keep out dust and wind, and have some impact resistance, more than normal sunglasses.

Understanding Tourism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Understanding Tourism - Essay Example Consequently, this behaviour of tourists towards certain destinations create the understanding about demand in the tourism industry. Hence, the aspects of tourism that influence tourists’ behaviours towards preference for a particular destination defines the success of a given tourism region. A tourist region can either be tourist generating or tourist destination. However, this paper focuses on tourist generating regions. According to Williams (2004), â€Å"Tourism generation regions can be defined as the permanent residential bases of tourists, the place where the tourist begin and end, and in particular those features of the region which incidentally cause or stimulate the temporary outflow† (p.32). Tourist generating region provides the basic market and the source for prospective tourism demand in the tourism industry. As such, major tourism activities such a marketing takes place in this region including wholesaling, retailing, promotion and advertising. Since such regions exhibit tourist exodus, it is important to understand the commercial and sociological factors that motivate them to go for holidays in other places. Similarly, it is imperative to evaluate the economic, cultural, and social effects of this exodus on in a community where people depart to other areas. The components of a tourist generating region include both geographical setting and behavioural factors that relate to motivation. This essays explores these components, as well as performance of France as a tourist generating region. French people go for both leisure and business destinations. For the leisure destinations, the holidays starts in the months of July or August depending on a person’s preference. The idea of a vacation in France is a taste of luxury life. However, this is not the luxury of overpriced accommodation and Fifth Avenue shopping, but luxury of a life free from work. This

Knowing Your Audience Paper and Communication Release Essay

Knowing Your Audience Paper and Communication Release - Essay Example The aftermath of the collapse was entrapment of over thirty workers at a depth of three hundred meters deep. This meant inadequate basic needs such as water, food and oxygen, a situation that downed the hearts of their relatives whose hope died after four days with their husbands, fathers and brothers trapped in a mine. New York Times (2011) asserts that there has never been such a scenario where, miners would survive after a long period trapped underground. However, the supply of food that started for two days would subsequently run into weeks after the establishment that the miners were still alive and intact. Additionally, a second collapse of one of the other remaining shafts destabilized the rescue process by making the process even more difficult. The news f this collapse spread throughout the world like a bush fire with many fearing that the miners will not last until their rescue. However, it was astonishment instead of cries when after seventeen days the first contact was ma de to the miners only to find that all the miners were safe and in a good condition. Initially, it had been, communicated to them that it should take the rescue team almost four months to rescue them onto the surface. However, at the fall of 69 days, the first miner of \all the miners who had been trapped were brought to the surface exceeding effectively (Weik, 2010). Given the fact that communication must be designed with a particular audience in mind, and there are a number of considerations to be observed. This is, in addition to, needs of the potential receivers of the information. Therefore, it is noteworthy that the person relaying the information understands the recipient, and use a proper communication, tone and even information message caries. This will enable appropriate delivery of the message, which will ensure that the audience understands, and clear doubts about any confusion (New York Times, 2011). Therefore, the company has to communicate to different people, and the se include the family, other employees and the press. Any wrong word is sure to create panic especially to the family members, and this makes family essentials extremely valuable, and, therefore, taken into grate consideration. There are certain needs of the family that have to be met to ensure their peace of mind. However, it is noteworthy that few companies have appropriate preparations for such situations, and use of addressees to convey the message. This one of the hard times in the Mining Company, for it had a hard time keeping the families of the trapped miners reassured. Ability to maintain the staff tranquil and at peace that the Chilean Copper Mining Company was doing everything to get the miners out, was their top priority. It is noteworthy that the company had an already established way of keeping the families, the local community and the other employees of the trapped miners. During this entire time of rescue efforts, the relatives of the trapped miners should have recei ved some counseling while praying for beneficial outcomes, but also being prepared for the worst. All information obtained by exerts during the process should have been shared at a gathering of family of the trapped miners with grief counseling making the necessity of the sessions of briefs. This means that the family should

Techniques Used in Stolen Essay Example for Free

Techniques Used in Stolen Essay ANNE ‘To tan or not to tan’ Title itself is symbolic of her confusion – ‘I’m black’ versus ‘milky white skin’. Through dramatic monologue Anne expresses her true feelings to the audience. ‘Am I Black or white?’ The repetitive chant of ‘who do you think you are?’ of various white and black choices captures Anne SANDY ‘Hiding Sandy’ (p3) Repetitive chorus of ‘Always on the run’ to emphasize Sandy’s lack of identity and security and struggle to have a stable sense of his own identity – where he belongs, who he belongs to. ‘Sandy’s Story of the Mungee’ (p10) Sandy’s story is an allegory in the oral tradition for the Stolen Generation. The ‘Mungee’ turned into pale skin and that was his punishment. People would know. People would never forget . Sandy has culture. He uses stories as a way of coping with bad circumstances. This builds his self esteem and reinforces his identity. ‘Sandy at the end of the road’ ‘I’m going back. Home. That bit of red desert†¦ I’m going to catch that fish’ Sandy is finally at peace with where he is, who he is, what he is doing. The ‘bit of red desert’ symbolizes home and belonging, his very identity. ‘Catching the fish’ symbolizes his capacity to stop running – he’s now in control, not the authorities! SHIRLEY ‘Shirley knits for family’ (p19) Stage directions in performance: ‘Shirley has big bag of knitting that she lays out-from small to large’. The clothes symbolize all the years her children were stolen; she’s still their mother. A piece is missing or fractured in her identity. ‘Shirley Never Gives Up Searching’ The repetition Shirley’s voice asking after her children is enhanced by the lighting, where she is ‘isolated, spotlit’. The dramatic techniques highlight her emotional anguish and the fact she is suffering, all alone, with no support. Until she is re-united with her children, her identity is a perpetual. ‘Shirley’s Come Full Circle’ The dramatic monologue is powerful because the audience gets an insight into Shirley’s full range of emotions. We see the ingained pain: ‘The nurse come

Female Circumcision Essay -- Female Genital Mutilation

It's the year 423 BCE, and the orders have just been sent out -- Every female is to be circumcised. Rumor has it that the newest Pharaoh is not very well-endowed and wants the females in his land to be circumcised to enhance his sexual pleasure (qtd. in Gruenbaum 43). Although such an account seems amusing, female circumcision and its effects are real. It is thought that female circumcision has been around for at least twenty centuries (Gruenbaum 193). Despite its age, female circumcision is only recently being discussed and debated in the United States. In fact, the matter itself had not really been looked at nationally until 1975, "when the Australian delegation at the first U.N. conference on woman in Mexico City proposed a motion condemning it" (Greer 64). Since that time, opposition to female circumcision has been included as a part of American Human Rights Policy (Mackie 999). The U.S. agency for International Development is also assisting the "African organizations working to eradicate it" (qtd. in Mackie 999). Now the world knows about female circumcision and wants to do something about it, but change will not come suddenly due to its long tradition. Female Circumcision is the cutting or removing of female genitalia. According to msn.com, female circumcision is "the practice of circumcision of adolescent women in some cultures that generally involves the surgical removal of the clitoris or the sewing up of the vaginal opening." There are many different names for this practice. Some refer to it as "female genital mutilation," and others call it "female genital cutting." Often times, the women who practice female circumcision are extremely offended by such terms; therefore the simplest, least offensive way to refer t... ...on: Caring for patients and child protection." BMA. 2001. 3 Nov 2003. Greer, Germaine. "Why Genital Cutting Goes On." Newsweek International. (1999): 64. Gruenbaum, Ellen. The Female Circumcision Controversy. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2001. Mackie, Gerry. "Ending Footbinding and Infibulation: A Convention Account." American Sociological Review. 61 (1996): 999-1017. Nour, Nawal. "Female Circumcision and Genital Mutilation: A Practical and Sensitive Approach." Contemporary OB/GYN. 45 (2001): 50-55. Pulsipher, Abigail. Interview. Personal Interview. 1 Nov 2001. Walker, Alice, Pratibha Parmar. Warrior Marks: Female Genital Mutilation and the Sexual Blinding of Woman. New York: Harcourt Brace & Company, 1993. Female Circumcision Essay -- Female Genital Mutilation It's the year 423 BCE, and the orders have just been sent out -- Every female is to be circumcised. Rumor has it that the newest Pharaoh is not very well-endowed and wants the females in his land to be circumcised to enhance his sexual pleasure (qtd. in Gruenbaum 43). Although such an account seems amusing, female circumcision and its effects are real. It is thought that female circumcision has been around for at least twenty centuries (Gruenbaum 193). Despite its age, female circumcision is only recently being discussed and debated in the United States. In fact, the matter itself had not really been looked at nationally until 1975, "when the Australian delegation at the first U.N. conference on woman in Mexico City proposed a motion condemning it" (Greer 64). Since that time, opposition to female circumcision has been included as a part of American Human Rights Policy (Mackie 999). The U.S. agency for International Development is also assisting the "African organizations working to eradicate it" (qtd. in Mackie 999). Now the world knows about female circumcision and wants to do something about it, but change will not come suddenly due to its long tradition. Female Circumcision is the cutting or removing of female genitalia. According to msn.com, female circumcision is "the practice of circumcision of adolescent women in some cultures that generally involves the surgical removal of the clitoris or the sewing up of the vaginal opening." There are many different names for this practice. Some refer to it as "female genital mutilation," and others call it "female genital cutting." Often times, the women who practice female circumcision are extremely offended by such terms; therefore the simplest, least offensive way to refer t... ...on: Caring for patients and child protection." BMA. 2001. 3 Nov 2003. Greer, Germaine. "Why Genital Cutting Goes On." Newsweek International. (1999): 64. Gruenbaum, Ellen. The Female Circumcision Controversy. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2001. Mackie, Gerry. "Ending Footbinding and Infibulation: A Convention Account." American Sociological Review. 61 (1996): 999-1017. Nour, Nawal. "Female Circumcision and Genital Mutilation: A Practical and Sensitive Approach." Contemporary OB/GYN. 45 (2001): 50-55. Pulsipher, Abigail. Interview. Personal Interview. 1 Nov 2001. Walker, Alice, Pratibha Parmar. Warrior Marks: Female Genital Mutilation and the Sexual Blinding of Woman. New York: Harcourt Brace & Company, 1993.

Discrimination and Ethnicity

With more than six billion people in this world, with a huge variety of human shapes, colors and sizes can race really be defined? As people spread across the world. Mixing among each other creating new kinds of faces there is no true race. But people such as Hitler believed that the Aryans where the superior race responsible got the cultural achievements in Europe and that they has to stop â€Å"racial contamination† that would come from breeding with inferior races by destroying them. Which caused the slaughtering of those deemed inferior: Jews, gypsies, homosexuals, slaves, and people with disabilities.It didn’t stop here, you’d think the world would try to make a difference but as Hitler era was fading, the â€Å"ethnic cleansing† by Serbs in Bosnia, the mass killings of Tutsis in Rwanda in 1994 were and are stilling taking place years after Hitler. What these people failed to see is that there is no â€Å"pure race†. People show such a mixture of physical characteristics – in skin color, hair textures, body shapes, eye color, height, weight and so on that there can not be a â€Å"pure race†. Our characteristics follow endlessly together, the mapping of genome system shows that were strikingly homogenous.Although large groups of people can be classified by blood type and gene frequencies they still cannot be classified as a race. The idea of a race in far from a myth, its embedded in our culture, it is part of our everyday lives. Sociologist D. S. Thomas observed that if people define situations as real, they’re real in their consequences in other words, people define situations as real, they’re real in their consequences in other words, people act on beliefs, not facts (Beckwith and Jones, 1997). As a result to that we will always have people like Hitler who feel that killing people that they believe is inferior is perfectly fine.Incidents such as the above still happen in today’s world but they are hidden from the public eye, what isn’t hidden and does continue toady seems as if no one is trying to make a difference is prejudice and discrimination, a war that will never stop. Prejudice can be defined as a prejudging of some sort, discrimination on the other hand can be defined as an action, and unfair treatment directed against someone on basis of their age, sex, height, origin, marital status, education, income, religion, etc, but when its due to race we usually call it racism.Why are people prejudices? The common sense answer is that people may have had a negative experience with a member of the other group. But Psychologists such as Eugene Hartley (1946) made studies showing that its more than just an old incident, his studies showed that prejudice against all other groups as well. Social scientists have developed several theories to explain prejudice; there are two types of theories, Scapegoat, and the Authoritarian Personality.People who are unable to release there stress to the source usually tend to release it on other people and they tend to find someone to blame their mishaps on and this usually becomes their scapegoat, often a racial, ethnic, or religious minority that they unfairly blame for their troubles. The other theory is The Authoritarian Personality Theodor Adorno’s term for people who are prejudice and rank high on scales of conformity, intolerance, insecurity, respect for authority, and submissive to superiors. Sociologists find these theories to be inadequate, they stress that the key to find prejudice is from the outside not form within.Sociologists focus on how some environments foster prejudice, while other discourages it. Sociologists have a few theories; Hitler used Functionalism, he hired Fritz Hippler, a Nazi intellectual was put in charge of the entire German film industry and he was told to create anti-Semitist, and he did by producing movies that compared Jews to rates, that their breeding would c ontaminate their â€Å"pure breed†. You can see that prejudice is functional and it creates in-group solidarity, and destroys human relationships. Conflict Theory- a theoretical framework in which society is viewed as composed of groups competing for scarce resource.Symbolic interactionism examines how people’s labels affect perception and create prejudice. When we apply a label to a group we tend to see its members as all alike, this leads to stereotyping and discrimination and may even create a depicted behavior. Symbolic interaction shows that were not born to a â€Å"race†, and ethic group where we lean beliefs, values; we learn to perceive them negatively or positively. If discrimination is common in our groups, we learn to practice it commonly. Discrimination is like a learned skill if you practice it enough you won’t even realize you using it.William Julius Wilson, a sociologist, argues that social class has become important that race is determine the life chances of African Americans. Prior to the Civil War African Americans were excluded from everything that could help you advance in life and become wealthy. As African Americans moved out of the inner cities, as legislators began opening doors for African Americans, as a result they were able to get better paying jobs, live a middle-class life, but those who were left behind in the inner cities they were trapped in poverty (Wilson, 2001).I believe that people choose their way of life, yes it is true that things may be harder for an African American or a Latino person, but things are hard for everyone in their own individual ways. I do believe that in today’s world things aren’t based on race in some places yes but as from what I see I believe its based on your social class, who you are, who you know, where you work, and how much money you have, that’s what I believe matters in today’s society.Although sociologists like Charles Willie, states that even African Americans do the same work as whites, whites average higher pay than African American, he argues that it racial discrimination not social discrimination. He states that we need to provide more jobs for the people in the inner cities; with more jobs there’s more hope in inner cities and an anchor to a responsible life. But being richer for an African American is still a problem because certain people start assuming things for example an African American person driving a new car a cop tends to find reason to pull them over, just to make sure the car isn’t stolen.Both sociologists have a strong point of view, but I also do have my own view in prejudice and discrimination. In today’s society minority groups have a better chance to achieve their goals, for example everyone can attend the same college, travel the country, eat in the same place and even be best friends with someone of a different ethnicity, while this is taken for granted I honestly think it’s a beautiful thing. Prejudice and discrimination is a war that will be fought through out ones life regardless, of their race, color, size, height or social status.As we flash back we see that discrimination has always been around in all different forms. We, as the human race need to focus on not judging people before we know them for who they are. Today, there are so many type of people in the world that stereotyping are always incorrect. If everyone in the world had respect for one another we would live in peace and be able to let others believe in what they wish and except everyone’s differences. If we teach our children and change our ways, sometime in our future we will be closer to accepting that a man’s character is based upon content of his soul, not his color, ethnicity, or their religion.

Givenchy

Luxury fashion brands that were established three or four decades ago were born out of passion fashion and to create a legacy that could be passed down from one generation to another. The items from the past speak of opulence, elegance and status that t remain ever popular in the present days – some call it classics while others deem it as collectors’ items. Whatever one chooses to name it, fashion houses are capitalising on fashion trends of today and bringing the trends from the past back to the runway. A fashion house that is creating ripples of admiration is Givenchy with its Fall/Winter 2013 collection for women.Hubert de Givenchy, one of the first and most important haute couture designers worldwide, set the trends of Parisian fashion and defined elegance worldwide and fast forward to the present and the Parisian luxury label currently designed by Riccardo Tisci, still preserves the code set by Hubert de Givenchy: playing with a palette of non-colours, grey, black , white and beige, to better outline an uncluttered silhouette while adding the personalised touch of Riccardo which is mainly dark romantic. Together they make Givenchy one of the most appreciated brands in the world.An array of bag collections was unveiled at recent preview of Givenchy’s FW 2013 collection, and among them, the HDG and Antigona – two of this season’s collections stand taller than the rest. It is fast becoming the IT bags to be seen on the arms of stars, celebrities and the likes of them. Creating a collection after iconic individuals is a way of immortalising these icons and to ensure their presence lingers with the brand for generations to come, and the HDG pays homage to the man who put Givenchy on the fashion map of the world.The Givenchy HDG Fall collection is Riccardo Tisci’s perception of a French couture house creating a bag for the dynamic urban woman. It is about class and elegance with a hint of sporty attitude that is easy to wear. All these fundamental notions are what the name Givenchy stands for. Its simple shape with pure lines is twisted with a chunky metal chain, adding a masculine feel. The HDG comes in a medium or small size in herringbone cotton, calf leather, eel, or sea-wolf. The printed version features ‘maison Givenchy' as a reference to what was written on the labels sewn onto haute couture creations.The House of Givenchy is thrilled to be bringing back the star of Fall/Winter 2010 – the Antigona collection. This collection designed by Riccardo Tisci first debuted on the runway in the Fall-Winter 2010 Ready-to-wear collection alas the nature of the Antigona collection is timeless, the fashion house felt it is apt to reintroduce it to fashion connoisseurs in the Fall/Winter 2013 collection. Its sharp details and boxy construction represent Riccardo Tisci’s love of the masculine and feminine contrast and with a recognizable, structured shape, this new design combines the f eminine aspects of a classic Boston bag with masculine features.Several references are made to its military spirit such as a large industrial zipper or a triangle padded leather patch. Exclusively designed metal hooks and loops were developed alongside a leather shoulder strap to allow the Givenchy woman to carry the Antigona in different ways. Inspired by â€Å"Antigone†, a strong female figure in Greek Mythology whose name stands for â€Å"unbending†, the Antigona is a modern bag that will remain a classic in Riccardo Tisci’s accessories collections for Givenchy.Some of the stars who have been spotted with this classic on their arms are Beyonce, Gwyneth Paltrow, Madonna, Zoe Saldana, Kate Moss and Demi Lovato to name a few. Overall, the Fall/Winter 2013 women's collection marries the strength of gypsies and the romanticism of a Victorian feeling to celebrate women. Riccardo Tisci revisits the signature shapes and prints of his Givenchy archives to create bold feminine silhouettes. Looking at the gypsy aesthetics borrowing men’s clothes but adding femininity in cutting and mixing them with women’s pieces, Riccardo Tisci creates a collection constantly playing with the feminine and the masculine.Biker jackets, bomber jackets, sweatshirts and collar-less duffle coats are paired with under-the-knee skirts and flow-y balloon-shaped dresses. Delicate flounces, graceful ruffles and micro-pleats animate blouses, shirts and dresses. Graphic patchworks of fabrics and prints reveal elaborate techniques of construction and a contrasting take on textures. The sensuality of lace or silk chiffon is reworked in a mosaic-like geometry.Flower-printed flannel, rose-painted chunky tweed and paisley jacquard are paired with lumberjack checked shirts, Madonna-printed velvet and shark jaws men’s prints. Embroidered tulle and chiffon display stars, large sequins and crystals. Sharp boots show hand-stitched stripes of multi-coloured elaphe, python, whip snake or eel. Chain bracelets in palladium feature an engraved medal. Carrier straps are turned into braided leather or crystal pave belts. The Fall-Winter 2013 Women’s Givenchy collection is turning out to be a lust-worthy contender for your precious hard-earned salary.

Virga Precipitation and Dry Thunderstorm

Virga Precipitation and Dry Thunderstorm Virga is the name given to precipitation (usually rain) that evaporates or sublimes before it hits the ground. It tends to look  like wispy gray streaks hanging underneath the base of a cloud. For this reason, you may also hear virga referred to as fallstreaks. The storms that are associated with virga produce trace amounts of ground level precipitation only. Why the funny name? Keeping in the tradition of clouds  whose names are Latin, the term is derived from the Latin word virga, meaning twig or branch, likely referring to the thin delicate streaks it produces. Relative Humidity is Under 50 Percent Virga is produced when precipitation falls from high clouds into extremely dry air (low humidity) and high air temperatures below. (Virga is commonly seen across the desert region of the Western United States, an area prone to both low humidity and high temperatures.) As the liquid raindrops or ice crystals hit the warm, dry air they absorb the high levels of heat energy which energizes the movement of their water molecules, transforming them straight into water vapor (sublimation). Eventually, as more and more precipitation evaporates into the air, the air becomes moister (RH rises). If precipitation is light, it can take several hours for the air to saturate. As the air saturates first aloft, then down to the surface, a kind of moist pathway is carved out that precipitation can follow to the surface as rain or snow. Virga On Radar Like all light precipitation, virga shows up on the radar as shades of light green (rain) or light blue (snow). However, with virga, while the radar may detect it, your eyes wont. If youve ever watched your radar screen and seen the leading edge of a rain or snow band over your location but not seen any rain or snow actually falling outside your door, then youve been tricked by virga before. This is common in winter, especially when waiting for the start of a snowstorm. Weve all heard our meteorologist say Its already snowing in the upper air, but the air at the surface is too dry to see it. Virga vs. Rain Shafts Its easy to mistake virga for a distant rain shaft (a dark curtain of rainfall extending from the base of a thunderstorm down to the ground). Whats the biggest give away for virga? If its virga, it wont reach the ground. Commas in the Sky It is also theorized that virga is partially responsible for creating hole-punch clouds. In addition, virga high in the atmosphere can reflect sunlight creating brilliant sun pillars and other atmospheric optics associated with sunlight. Edited by Tiffany Means

Using Contests as Door Openers

Using Contests as Door Openers In a world where its near impossible to land an agent or publisher, and indie publishing appears to be a monstrosity of complexities, it might be time to consider contests. And dont talk about how most of them are scams, either. There are more publishing scams out there than contests, my friend. Why focus on contests when your goal is publishing? Because contests are a roundabout way to open a door to getting published. And you get to toy around with submitting more than that book youve obsessed over. You can also submit novellas, short stories, flash fiction, and poetry. Suggestions on entering contests to aid your career: 1) Stick to contests that result in publication. Whether its a website, a journal, or a publishing house, getting publication credits in your portfolio matters. You need credibility. 2) Extract from your book-length work and create a short piece or two. There are way more short story competitions than novels contests. Take the gist of your longer piece and turn it into a short submission. The point is to make people realize you can write. If you win, THEN tell them you also write novels. 3) Choose reputable contests, not something cutesy and cheap, so that when you win you are respected, not chuckled at. Show that even when you enter contests, you are a professional. 4) Be willing to pay entry fees. They fund the publishing, the judging, and the prize money. Better to pay $25 to enter and win $1,000 than pay $0 and win $50. The latter doesnt look as good on a resume or pitch letter. 5) Consider those contests that offer feedback. Those critiques might right some wrongs in your work. 6) Choose contests where the judges are agents, publishers, or editors. Even if you dont win, you might catch someones eye. Some authors enter contests regularly while still pursuing publication. Theres no point in passing up this sort of opportunity. Especially during a time that writers are a dime-a-dozen and landing attention is like screaming into the wind. While youre planning your query letters or indie promotion, make time for a contest or two each month. It might be the catalyst to take that stalling writing career to a higher level.

The Inside Story of Wal-Marts Success Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Inside Story of Wal-Marts Success - Essay Example Wal-Mart has initiated its business from the United States and expanded its stores nearly in every corner of the world that include countries such as Puerto Rico, Canada, China, Mexico, Brazil, Germany, Argentina and many more. Wal-Mart is a place where one can find all the varieties of the needy stuff from clothes to shoes, cleaning supplies, health and beauty support, food, home decor, electronic appliances, automotive, in fact, everything. In other words, Wal-Mart can come under the terminology of a convenient one-stop store that is available at the best prices an individual can think (Soderquist, pp. 1-9). Sam Walton is the mastermind that lays behind the concept of Wal-Mart, which came into appearance roughly a few centuries ago, which is comparatively a young but very well established and entrenched company. Their strategic sales and planning are the unique and inimitable features that have not only provided them an edge over all their competitors throughout all these years but also made them the biggest retailers in the history of the world. The capability and talent of Sam Walton for discounts retailing have been the most successful strategy that has heightened the image of the Wal-Mart and made them stand on the top position for its tremendous sales in the retail business. Indeed, the innovative implementation of these strategic decisions is the chief component that makes Wal-Mart a flourishing company. However, the ultimate goal of Wal-Mart has always been to keep prices lower than the average cost, so that the customer can save a significant amount while shopping at Wal-Mart (Bergdahl, pp. 38-42). Customers, employees or associates and the community were the top priority for Walton. The phrase ‘Customer is always right’ was one of the deepest viewpoint and philosophy regarding the customers that are still in practice until the current day.

Will be provide Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Will be provide - Essay Example creased from 3 to 3% and following system stabilization the flow set point percentage was found to remain constant but the position of the flow valve had closed slightly from 30.1 to 47.5%. Additionally, the level valve had closed from 32.7 to 25.6%. The results were recorded. The level of the tank and the capacity section was ascertained with the help of a meter stick attached to the tank and the reading was compared to that of a controller. The compared levels ((%) vs. level) was plotted in meters and from the figure the line of best fit as determined by the transmitter gain was found to be1.206 %/cm. The next part of the experiment involved comparison of readings taken from four different flow measuring devices to a standard change in volume over time. While the flow rates of the rotameter and transmitter were read in USGPM, those of the controller and console were taken as percent rates. With gradual increase in the height over time the changes noted in the height was used for volume calculation. Appendix 2 includes the flow rates and after conversion of the actual flow rates to USGPM, a comparison between all the actual, rotameter and transmitter flow rates indicated a mutual agreement in the rates. The flow rates of the console and controller were closer as they used the same controller. The characteristics of the valve were determined for the flow and level value by increasing the flow percentage and taking the valve position values from the display controller. A plot of the Fractional Flow (Flow %/Max Flow %) vs. fractional valve opening which is indicative of the flow and level valve can be used to determine valve characteristics such as to quick-opening, linear, or equal-percentage relationships. In this case, a plot of both valves showed an almost linear valve character except for a slight distortion in the quick opening which can be attributed to drop in pressure across the value. While the valves had identical and linear characters originally,

The level of unemployment in United Kindgdom Coursework

The level of unemployment in United Kindgdom - Coursework Example Increased unemployment in a country shows that a country does not use its resources appropriately. It carries momentous social costs in that, unemployed people must habitually depend on benefits for income from other people. Besides, the sense of boredom rejection and failure of being unemployed brings a lot of social consequences to their lives. Recent studies have constantly linked unemployment to deterioration of health and rising suicide and crime rates. The causes of unemployment are diverse and economists differentiate a number of types: structural unemployment is caused by changes in the labor market or the economy. This is the failure of available jobs to fit workforce skills; frictional unemployment is the occurrence of people being amid jobs; cyclical unemployment is caused by the vagaries of cycles in the business; and seasonal jobs are caused by different seasonal jobs e.g. construction and farm work (Bassanini and Duval, 2009). Background The history of UK unemployment i s central to social and economic history of the country. As a result of post war boom, 1950s and some parts of 1960s saw very low rates of unemployment going to as low as three percent. This was far- off much lower compared to other years and this has made a number of hypotheses to be put forward to account for this unique time in the history of labor market. The servicemen who were in the far front had been promised full employment if they won in the Second World War. The government was not prepared to break this pledge. The record quantities of exports and imports went through docks in London when the reconstruction endeavor was in full dangle. The skilled labor was enthusiastically recruited from the countries forming commonwealth to help in building of hospitals, schools and houses in London. Growing prosperity brought a new boldness to young generations in London who was looking to America for models f music and other behaviors. In around 1958, the growing western community of India in Notting Hill was attacked by rampaging youth gangs. This was disaffected infantile delinquents that became a problem to Londoners. The manufacturing companies flourished very much in 1950s especially the ones that were making consumer goods such as radios, televisions and washing machines. The offices in London increased white collar jobs bringing a boom of over 50,000 jobs. By the, the services went up to 51 % of London’s economy while manufacturing accounting for 42 % (UK unemployment, 2011). The office jobs benefited women very much outnumbering men in for the first time ever (Kalachek and Westebbe, 1961). Unemployment in (%) 1950 1.5 1955 1.1 1960 1.6 1965 2.6 1970 4.1 1975 4.5 1980 6.8 1985 6.4 1990 7.1 1995 8.6 2000 5.4 2005 4.9 2009 5.8 2010 8.1 2011 7.9 Source: Kalachek and Westebbe, (1961), Bell D., Blanchflower G. (2008) and Nickel S., Nunziala L. (2005) Technological progress, the achievement of Keynesian economics, steady international trade environment a nd constancy of the Phillip curve (which postulated an affiliation amid high inflation and reduced unemployment) brought a situation of full employment approach. Before this, the preponderance of the women lingered in the category of the people who were economically inactive. The economic prevailing attitude of the detonation years collapsed in late 1960s and early 1970s. The energy crises of 1973 as well as 1979 created stagflation, rising unemployment, and rising inflation. This is something that reckoned impossible using Phillip

Regenerative Battery For Human Electric Hybrid Bicycle Engineering Essay

Regenerative Battery For Human Electric Hybrid Bicycle Engineering Essay In this report, a proposed project, the human-electric hybrid bicycle, also known as Pedelec driven mainly by human pedalling force with additional assistance force from the battery powered electric motor that has a regenerative power feature during declining slopes. Introduction Automobiles have always been essential for people living in cities as a form of transportation to carry out their daily routine. According to the International Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers, a staggering number of 77,609,901 cars and commercial vehicles were produced in the year 2010. A 25.8 percent change compare to the previous year (OICA, 2011). Based on a research report of the Fifth U.S. Climate Action Report, transportation activities contribute thirty-three percent of the worlds emission of carbon dioxide in 2007 and nearly up to sixty percent of emission came from the combustion of petroleum from personal transportation (U.S. Climate Action Report, 2010). Consequently, it is without doubt, cars are one of the major causes of global warming due to the emission of green house gasses. Currently, hybrid and electrical vehicles seems to be the preeminent solution to counter the problem that arises from petrol powered automobiles without eliminating its advantages. Ho wever, electrical powered vehicles have its own disadvantages as it requires a certain amount of charging time. On the other hand, electric bicycle are making huge waves among town communities because it is less strenuous compare to the standard bicycle, thus, enable users to travel longer distance without using much energy. Amount of time needed for charging still arises in electric bicycles. The Regenerative Battery for Pedelecs on declining terrains is able to solve the problem by enabling the user to automatically charge the bicycle battery during downhill slopes. Literature Review Electric bicycle, Hybrid Bicycle and Human-Electric Bicycles or Pedelecs have only recently become a worldwide phenomenon due to the rise in petroleum prices. The technology of these types of bicycles is still relative new and research popularity has merely beginning to rise in the past recent years. Therefore, there is lack of research papers and literature available in the area of hybrid or electric bicycle in scholarly journals or professional organization such as the IEEE. The following literature review evaluates on eleven scholarly journals to elucidate the technology involved in developing electric, Hybrid or Pedelecs bicycles and its performance characteristics. Among the eleven journals included, a report by Muetze and Tan (2007) gave a detailed and organized report based on the characterization of electric bicycle, both theoretically and experimentally. The report includes as well the requirements of different performances ideal for electric bicycles and obstacles faced to endorse it. Regulations and safety factors for electrics bicycles in countries such as Japan, Europe, China and United States are outlined. Research was done to discover the advantages and disadvantages of technical performances for different part type of the bicycles such as the assist type, motor, motor assembly, motor placement, throttle and battery type. The report also includes a power over speed graph collected from results collected with different parameters such as the influence of weight, influence of the slope and influence of wind. Results gathered from the report is able to provide a guideline for developing an electric bicycle suitable for the market trend a nd improve the performances of electric bicycles for future developments. While the assessment on the performance of electric bicycle is essential, energy management too must be given consideration. Morchin (1998) identifies the energy consumed by electric bicycle and emission of green houses gasses can be reduced by two methods. Such aspects can be achieved by optimizing the ratings of the battery and engine while delivering power output by each source under expected driving conditions (Morchin, 1998). In the report, an on-board energy manager was mounted on an electric bicycle to track the energy level in the battery and effectively divide loads between the battery and the engine. The Langranges theorem was used to calculate the energy consumed under affecting parameters of air drag, hill slopes and friction. However, the study done only applies to electric powered bicycles and not for hybrid bicycles or Pedelecs. Research can be done to extend for various types of bicycles and different type of terrains. The term hybrid used in the paper is rather misle ading because the paper focuses on fully electric bicycle while the term hybrid bicycle often refers a bicycle that runs on both petroleum gas and electricity or human pedal force with a battery powered motor. In a related research on power management in electric assisted bicycle, Brand and Ertugrul (2007) examines and discover that an in-hub direct drive located on the front wheel of the bicycle could give better performance by electric braking and stable manoeuvring. Furthermore, the report conducted experiments on 17 riders from different categories. All riders are evenly divided based on gender, weight, age, regular and irregular cyclist. The report is comprehensive and able to substantiate the effectiveness of the in-hub direct drive. Additionally , the report concentrate on evaluating riding conditions of various type of rider group to determine the optimum power requirement and does no focuses on designing an alternative for electric bicycles. It is noted in the report that aerodynamic streamlining and development of a high efficiency inverter can be a further developed from the report. Most of the study done about electric bicycles revolves around the battery storage system. Solutions may compromise of electric regeneration (Liu et al., 2008); (Somchaiwong Ponglangka, 2006), or petroleum-electric bicycle (Nagendran Senthil, 2010);(Xiong, et al., 2010) . Liu, et al., (2008) designed four regenerative braking strategies by turning mechanical energy into electrical energy to extend the battery life-span. Matlab and Simulink were used to create a model of the electric bike and the four proposed regenerative braking strategies. The four braking control strategies are Most Feedback Power (MFP), Most System Efficiency (MSE), Fixed Torque Control Strategy (FTC) and Fixed Feedback Current Control (FFC) (Liu, et al., 2008). Clear description and illustration were given on all the four purposed strategies. The report illustrates theoretically using computer simulations and there were no prototype build or practical experiment conducted with bicycle users. Alternatively, Somchaiwong and Ponglangka (2006) proposed a regenerative power control system to solve the increment of cycle speed of motor that are redundant for example, during a downhill path. The research experiments on the relationship between the voltages supplied and motor speed. The result shows that if the cycle motor runs on the specific speed requirement, the motor would in turn generate a specific output voltage. Another prevalent solution battery problems faced in electric bicycles are petroleum-electric hybrid bicycles. Nagendran and Senthil (2010) proposed a Hybrid Bicycle with Three Speed Transmission System to solve problems faces in current electric bicycles. The purposed idea of the hybrid bicycle runs on both electric and petroleum to recharge the bicycles battery storage system. An added feature to the purposed idea is a three speed gear for effective control the speed of the motor and IC (Internal Combustion) engine. The bicycle runs like an ordinary electric bicycle on Phase One. When the battery storage system is depleted, the motor would then runs on the internal combustion engine. A Change Over is installed to connect and disconnects the motor from the IC engine or vice-versa. A shaft coupler is used to connect the chain drive while a chain drive is used to obtain balance of the bicycle. The research does not illustrate the practical construction of the three speed transmission system. In a related topic, Liu, et al., designed a LPG (Liqufied Petroleum Gas) electric hybrid bicycle that is able to run on fully engine driven, fully electric motor driven or hybrid mode. Due to space limitation in the bicycle a four-stroke spark ignition LPG engine power system is introduced in the research. The gasoline engine was modified into a LPG engine by increasing the compression ratio, enlarging the spark advance angle and increasing the ignition energy. The research also includes the design of the transmission system and control system of the hybrid bicycle. A prototype of the design was developed and several tests were conducted on city traffic conditions. While most studies focuses on a single bicycle type such as electric bicycle or Pedelecs, Indulal Nair (2007) incorporates both types of bicycle and the implementation of Fuzzy Logic as a control system. The bicycle runs on three different modes, Manual Mode, Power Mode and Automatic Mode. Manual Mode works like an ordinary where pedalling is required with no extra assistance. Power Mode fully runs on electricity and does not require any paddling while Automatic Mode provides electric assistance on top of manual pedalling. Fuzzy Logic is implemented to provide comfortable riding and sufficient drive assistance under any conditions. After the completion of the design, arrays of inputs were fed to the Fuzzy Logic Controller using Matlab Simulation to study the outputs. Results from the simulation found that the performance of the system over various conditions were acceptable. The research states that the design can be further extended into larger vehicles. To optimize the potential of battery storage system, Sousa, et al., (2007) developed an electronic converter powered by two type power supplies, the battery and super capacitors. Batteries are the primary storage while capacitors are used to avoid deep discharging of the battery and as a backup storage. In this research, supercapacitors are used instead and can able to serve as a primary storage source. The developed system was built on the electric bicycle and results were gathered. A decision circuit is needed because the design is capable in increasing the autonomy of electric vehicles to avoid high current peak and fast discharges of the batteries. The research open doors for future work such as improving power circuit to increase efficiency and analyse the autonomy by altering the role of the battery and supercapacitor. Coates and Charkey (2002) states that batteries testing on Sealed Nickel-Zinc Batteries are conducted for electric bicycle applications because it provides the s ame amount of energy with half the weight compare to the standard lead-acid batteries. Hsu,et al., (2011) poses a solution to provide comfort and safety measure in different types of Pedelecs riding environment while optimizing the performance of the battery. The quality of riding conditions can be improved by overcoming three forces of nature, air drag, friction and hill drag. The key to the solution is the pedalling power and total power of the required power should be constant and sufficient additional power is provided to overcome any of the three forces. The design is also able to solve instability problem in Pedelecs when the motor abruptly occurs by keeping the instantaneous acceleration of the assisted power be kept within the Safety Zone and Comfort Zone. Real environment simulation scenarios were conducted on different road types and pedal force in urban areas. Results confirms the design has better energy utilization compare to existing conventional and delta learning rule based assisted power methods. The report provides room for further research on solving the method to automatically adjust the motor to the different type of physical conditions of the riders. After the evaluation of all the eleven journals, it can be concluded that most of the journals focuses on solving the problems currently faced by electric bicycle that provide insufficient energy in the battery storage and insufficient power assistance. There are ample room for further development on electric bicycles and Pedelecs because it technology is relatively new. Further research done on this area would benefit societies living in urban area to be used as a form of environmental friendly transportation as opposed to conventional cars and motorcycles. Problem Statement Based on previous research done on electric bicycles, most studies concur that the depletion of petroleum and the rise in the emission of greenhouse gasses are the factor that contribute to the advancement of electric bicycles (Brand Ertugrul, 2007; Hsu, et al., 2011; Indulal Nair, 2007; Morchin, 1998; Nagendran Senthil, 2010; Sousa, et al., 2007; Xiong, et al., 2010). In spite of this, there are still plenty of room for further development and enhancement in the area of electrical bicycles. The battery storage system incorporated in electric bicycles provides insufficient energy for long distance travels and does not carry self-charging capabilities (Coates Charkey, 2002; Nagendran Senthil, 2010). Electric assisted bicycles or Pedelecs confront problems such as an abrupt driving force when the motor is triggered (Hsu, et al., 2011). Project Background The project focuses on improving the overall performance of electric assisted bicycle or Pedelecs. Since there is a demand on electric bicycles, it would be beneficial for society and business organization to enrol the development of Pedelecs. In a report by Time News, most electric bicycles run on lead-acid batteries and are unsuitable for the rising requirements of daily transportation (Ramsy, 2009). Numerous solutions were established by various engineers and organizations to counter these problems. Some researchers focus on the regeneration of electricity from external sources (Somchaiwong Ponglangka, 2006; Xiong, et al., 2010). While some concentrate on using distinctive forms of power management (Brand Ertugrul, 2007; Hsu, et al., 2011; Morchin, 1998; Nagendran Senthil, 2010). For the proposed Regenerative Battery for Pedelecs project, it confronts both of these methods to solve the battery problems that arise from conventional electrical bicycle. In addition to replacing ca rs to reduce the emission of greenhouse gasses, the regenerative power during a declining gradient reduces the dependency on electricity. The generation of electricity from Independent Power Producers (IPP) indirectly affect the environment. For instance, the construction of Hydroelectric Plant requires large areas particularly in remote areas and substantial quantities of fossil fuels are used to power up machineries (McKinney, et al., 2007). The natural habitat, home to both flora and fauna would be destroyed in the process. The proposed regenerative power is designed to reduce the power consumption in the battery storage while providing rechargeable power supply at the same time. The regenerative power incorporated in the design would be able to solve issues relating to the insufficient power in the battery storage system. It would be able to expand the life cycle of the battery for longer distance travels. Most electric bicycles owners today complain that electric bicycles do no t provide sufficient power assistance. The latest Pedelecs today has power-assistance during hill climbing or on irregular surface roads to provide the additional boost without having the rider to exert much force. However, Hsu,et al., (2011) states that there are insufficient power assist to overcome three forces, air drag, friction and hill drag. Air drag and friction does not require much power compare to hill drag. The motor of the power assist provides enough force to overcome hill drag, friction or air drag while the pedalling power by the rider remains constant. This would be enable riders to conserve energy for longer riding. Most seniors find that conventional bicycles are strenuous and dangerous. Therefore, some seniors would rather stay in the comfort of their homes without getting much exercise and fresh air. Pedalecs would be able to encourage seniors to overcome their fear towards conventional bicycles. In urban town areas, getting out buying some groceries would sometimes be a hassle especially if the grocery shop is not within walking distance. Most people today would rather drive their car out to buy some fruits and vegetables or to fetch the daily newspaper. It is a very unhealthy habit that began to manifest among the town citizens. Little did they know that getting fresh air by cycling or taking a daily stroll would improve the well-being of the person and reduces health risk such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. According to a Congressional Report, less than one trip in one hundred percent is by bicycle (Congress, 2002). The report also mentioned that frequent bike trips would also cure the addiction of smokers and alcoholics. Regenerative braking in electric bicycles is gaining popularity too. The Panasonic Vivi RX 10-S features a braking system that recharges a 10AH Li-ion secondary batter located next to rear wheel of the bicycle (Toto, 2008). Liu, et al., (2008) mentioned that braking control can be used to convert mechanical energy to electric energy by improving battery life-span. Using the same theory, the proposed design is able to make use of hilly areas to generate electricity. Since no energy is needed for bicycle going downhill, the bicycle still moves downwards due to the forces of gravity. For certain cases, with the regenerative power, braking is not required because the regenerator is able to reduce the speed of the overall bicycle while going downhill. Methodology The scope of this research is divided into five stages. The time scope of the project is expected to be completed in 9 months. Research At the beginning of the Final Year Project, intensive research on the area of electric bicycles must be done before designing of the project takes place. Research would be an explanatory research in the beginning to obtain an overview on the research area and to discover alternatives to the research objective. Evaluation on other research papers done to identify the new developments in technology and rooms for further studies is noted. Solutions can be developed by acknowledging the problem faced by the society today. Qualitative Research such as surveys and Questionnaires can be conducted to identify the current problem faced for further development. This is important because the success of a product is determined by meeting the demand of society today. Brainstorming sessions are required after the collected data is evaluated to determine the feasibility of the project and to acquire various alternatives to the problem. This stage is expected to complete within a month. Design The designing process takes place after the evaluation of the collected data is finalised. A basic concept should be achieved at this stage. All the knowledge on mechanics, electronics and programming is required to design the proposed idea. Computer simulations are to be use to design and test the feasibility of the idea. Autodesk Inventor can be used to construct the framework and provide a visual overview of the bicycle. Matlab and Labview can be used in the programming development of the regenerative power system. Computer simulations are used before the construction of the bicycle to virtually simulating the design while reducing unnecessary expenditure. This stage is expected to complete in 2 months. Implementation The implementation stage involves building the prototype based on the finalized design. A conventional bicycle is required as the main structure of the design. Motor, Lithium Ion Battery and Transmission System is needed to modify the bicycle into an electrical-assisted bicycle. Torque Sensors, Slope Sensors or Tilt Sensors are installed to sense when the motor is needed. The Slope or Tilt Sensors can be replaced by Apple Application known as Gyroscope for an extra appealing feature. Additional hardware such as a state-of-charge indicator, power tab hub and throttle switch can be added later on. This stage is expected to complete in 3 months. Testing The testing phase involves the practical assessment on the now fully built bicycle. Various tests would be performed to determine the performance of the entire system. Two types of testing can be conducted, laboratory testing and field testing. Laboratory testing involves a set of variables such as power, efficiency, cycle speed, life-span of the rechargeable battery and the motor. For field testing, a laptop with a PCMIA card is incorporated to the system to acquire the data. The testing would involve around twenty volunteers from different age group, gender, weight and physical fitness level. All volunteers have to go through a predetermine path with different type of terrain in an urban area. The laptop is used to record data such as pedalling torque, bicycle speed and applied power. The data collected is to be used to evaluate the performance of the system. A set of feedback forms could be given out at the end of the testing to gauge the satisfactory level of each volunteer towar ds the system. This stage is expected to complete in 2 months. Report Report writing is to be conducted at the end of all the four stages. The scope and design process in building the system are to be complied. The data collected are tabulated in graph and figures to illustrate the outcomes. This stage is expected to complete within month. Limitations There is some limitation that would be encountered in the process of implementing the system. Budget constrain would be a factor due to the costly hardware needed to construct the bicycle. A full-size prototype is more appropriate because a smaller-scale prototype would not be serving its purpose. In a newspaper report by The Star, due to safety issues, electric bicycles may be taken off the road if the Cabinet accepts a recommendation from the Transport Ministry (Kong, 2011). If the amendment of banning electric bicycle is implemented throughout the country; it may also affect the field-testing of the system. Research Objectives This study embarks on the following objectives: To produce an environmental friendly transportation as an alternative to petrol consumption cars To solve instability issues involving the abrupt acceleration when the motor is turned on To provide an alternative regenerative power on declining slopes to lengthen the life-span of the battery storage system To improve the overall performance to Pedelecs that are available in the market today To design a form of transportation for suitable in dense populated urban areas Research Question What are the current impact on the environment and ways to solve the problem? What are the current issues faced by electric bicycle? What addition or alternative regenerative power can be installed to conventional electric bicycles? What can be done to appeal to the market segment to buy the product? How to solve issues involving unhealthy habits of the society by relying on cars for short distance travels? Significance of the Project The proposed regenerative bicycle would be able to serve as a stepping stone for further development on electric assisted bicycles. Studies by other researches can be done by referring of the design system used and the data collected. Limitations and problems identified can be solved by future research. The proposed design hopes to significantly reduce the emission of greenhouses gasses emitted by petrol driven cars. If the design meets the demands of the society, manufactures would start producing more electrical assisted-bicycle which in return, reduces the market price of the system to reach out to all segments of the society. Expected Results The expected outcome of this project is to successfully develop a working actual size electrical assist bicycle prototype capable of converting mechanical energy to electrical energy. From the project, novel theories can be established that would indirectly benefit other areas of sciences. Furthermore, the theories presented would lead to implementation for future potential applications. The tabulations of data collected from the project is to also encourage potential researchers especially budget constrain researchers to engage in the area of electric powered vehicles. A stable handling electrical assisted bicycle is expected to be built to provide safe and comfortable riding experience. In return, physically fit or unphysical fit riders would be able to fill the joy of riding a bicycle for travelling or recreational use. The design and technology incorporated in the project is expected to appeal to the society and provide as an alternative to cars and motorcycles. This would direct ly reduce carbon footprint and slower the process of global warming.